Language Essentials for Teachers of Reading and Spelling (LETRS) Practice Test

Phonemic awareness refers specifically to the capacity to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds (or phonemes) in spoken words. It is a crucial part of developing reading skills because it lays the foundation for understanding how sounds correspond to letters and how they can be manipulated to form words. For instance, being able to isolate the first sound in a word or blend sounds together to form a word demonstrates phonemic awareness. This skill is essential for children as they learn to read and spell, making it fundamental to reading instruction.

In contrast, phonics involves the relationship between sounds and their corresponding letters or groups of letters, which builds on phonemic awareness. Fluency refers to the ability to read text accurately and quickly, combining speed, accuracy, and expression. Vocabulary encompasses the words a person knows and uses, which is critical for comprehension but doesn't focus on the manipulation of sounds in spoken language.